\n\nFinally, the “interior” mechanism is also another subclass

of the Taube (inner-sphere) classification, and it lies at the other extreme of very fast electron-transfer rate processes (heretofore unrecognized), arising rom the spontaneous annihilation of the donor/acceptor dyad to the delocalized (electron-transfer) complex as it descends barrierlessly into the chemical “black hole” that is rate-limited solely by diffusion.”
“The plastoquinones sargaquinoic acid and sargachromenol are major components of brown alga Sargassum sagamianum and are known to be involved in neurite growth and survival. In this study, we describe their novel pro-apoptotic activities in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, treatment with sargaquinoic acid or sargachromenol promoted cell death and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-4 and poly (ADP-ribose) find more polymerase (PARP) in a concentration-dependent manner. Sargaquinoic acid- or sargachromenol-induced

apoptosis was enhanced by co-treatment with UVB irradiation. It showed much higher levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, selleck chemicals and PART than with sargaquinoic acid and sargachromenol alone, while it had no effect on Bcl-2 and Bax expression level. Examination by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry showed that topical application of sargaquinoic acid (1 mg/ml) before UVB irradiation (2.5 kJ/m(2)) of hairless mice also enhanced apoptosis including activation of caspase-3. Since a combination of phototherapy using UVB with topical reagents has been clinically applied to treat hyperproliferative skin disease, these results suggest that sargaquinoic acid and sargachromenol could be effective therapeutic agents. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All

rights reserved.”
“We surveyed 497 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus collected from 2008 to 2009 as part of the ARTEMIS global surveillance study for elevated MIC values to itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. Sequencing of the cyp51A gene revealed that 8/29 isolates with elevated MIC values to one or more triazoles, all originating in China, contained the TR/L98H mutation BIX 01294 cost associated with resistant European isolates of A. fumigatus. This is the first time the TR/L98H mutation has been identified outside Europe.”
“Erythrocytes serve as reservoirs for cis-and trans-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Incubation of rat red blood cells (RBCs) with cis-and trans-EETs produces threo-and erythro-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, respectively. The V max of EET hydrolysis by rat intact RBCs (2.35 +/- 0.24 pmol/min/10(8) RBCs for 14,15-trans-EET) decreased by approximately 2 to 3-fold sequentially from 14,15-, 11,12-to 8,9-EETs for both cis-and trans-isomers. The V max of trans-EET hydrolysis by RBCs is approximately 2 to 3 times that of the corresponding cis-EETs.

Computationally, we demonstrate that iMSs arise primarily by base substitution mutations within individual human genomes. Our biochemical survey of human DNA polymerase alpha, beta, delta, kappa, and eta error rates within certain microsatellites suggests that interruptions are created most frequently by low fidelity polymerases. Staurosporine solubility dmso Our combined computational and biochemical results demonstrate that iMSs are abundant in human genomes and are sources

of population-specific genetic variation that may affect genome stability. The genome-wide identification of iMSs in human populations presented here has important implications for current models describing the impact of microsatellite polymorphisms on gene expression.”
“We have studied the mineral takedaite Ca-3(BO3)(2), a borate mineral of calcium using SEM with EDX and vibrational spectroscopy. Chemical analysis shows a homogeneous phase, composed of Ca. Boron was not detected. A very intense Raman band at 1087 cm(-1) is assigned to the BO stretching vibration of BO3 units. Additional Raman bands may be due to

isotopic splitting. In the infrared spectrum, bands at 1218 cm(-1) and at 1163, 1262 and 1295 cm(-1) are assigned to the trigonal see more borate stretching modes. Raman bands at 712 and 715 cm(-1) are assigned to the in-plane bending modes of the BO3 units. Vibrational spectroscopy enables this website aspects of the molecular structure of takedaite to be assessed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Participation

refers to the engagement of a person in daily activities and social roles. The goal of this study was to compare changes in older adults’ participation over time following a stroke as a function of the presence of deficits inmemory, visual perception, executive functions, visual attention or language. A total of 197 persons with stroke were assessed 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after discharge from an acute care hospital, rehabilitation unit or geriatric day hospital. The Assessment of Life Habits (ALH) was used to measure participation. Neuropsychological measures were used to assess the presence of a cognitive deficit in the domains of memory, visual perception, executive functions (inhibition), visual attention and language. Overall, results indicate that participation after a stroke improves over time after hospital discharge in spite of cognitive deficits. Changes in participation over time differed between unimpaired and impaired participants only for language and executive deficits in three domains: interpersonal relationships, community life and responsibilities. These results indicate that when returning to the community after a stroke, positive changes in participation over time are possible even with cognitive deficits. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Further stratified analysis by ethnicity showed notable association between the polymorphism and the risk of idiopathic male infertility in Asians. In conclusion,

these results support that the CYP1A1*2A genotype polymorphism mainly contributes to idiopathic male infertility susceptibility in Asians but not in Caucasians. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: There are limited data on the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome at the community level: heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and lack of universal agreement on definitions of each criterion for population-based studies complicate comparability of the existing literature. This study aimed to assess the impact of using three principal definitions for polycystic buy HSP990 ovary syndrome on its reported prevalence

in a large community-based study conducted in the Southwest of Iran. Study design: A total of 646 reproductive-age women were randomly selected using the stratified, multistage probability cluster sampling method. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome was estimated according to the National Institutes of Health, the Androgen Excess Society and the Rotterdam JQ1 nmr criteria, using universal assessment of ultrasonographic parameters, hormonal profiles and clinical histories. Results: The mean age of participants was 33.2 years and 36.9% of them were overweight. The estimated prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in this population based study was 14.1% using the Rotterdam criteria, 12% by the Androgen Excess Society criteria, and 4.8% according to the National Institutes of Health recommendation. Conclusions: Using

the Rotterdam versus the National Institutes of Health criteria increased the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome 2.9-fold. This indicates the need for more studies on the long-term consequences of the additional cases diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aims: To determine the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) and an extended-interval dosing regimen in the treatment find more of patients with adenomyosis and endometriosis. Methods: This was a prospective observational study in the setting of a hospital outpatient clinic. Seventy women suffering from adenomyosis and endometriosis were randomly divided into 2 groups: extended-interval dosing (experimental group) and conventional dosing (control group). Methods: Patients in the experimental group received a 4-dose regimen (triptorelin 3.75 mg by intramuscular injection every 6 weeks for a total of 4 doses). The patients in the control group received a conventional regimen (1 injection every 4 weeks for a total of 6 doses). The main outcome measures were relief and recurrence of dysmenorrhea and related climacteric symptoms, reduction of uterine volume, and serum levels of 17-beta-oestradiol (E(2)), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

tivelae was 77 +/- 1 7 mm and the mean length of the Amiantis umbonella was 39 84 +/- 8.93 mm. Clams in the mid and low tidal zones were more infested There was no significant relationship between clam length – crab width (R(2)

= 0.28) The mean fecundity of crabs was 2517 +/- 864 eggs Infection caused a reduction of flesh weight of clams. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of crabs’ occurrence and the temporal variability of water temperature, Rabusertib molecular weight salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH in different months This study provides the first report of the distribution of pea crabs A tivelae in A. umbonella, a new clam host record in Iran”
“Krill growth and physiological condition were measured during the Baseline Research on Oceanography, Krill and the Environment – West (BROKE-West) large-scale survey of the Western Indian Ocean sector (30-80 degrees E)

of the Southern Ocean. Krill growth and condition were related to sea-surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll a levels. Estimates selleck compound of Antarctic krill growth were obtained using the Instantaneous Growth Rate (IGR) technique, which reflects in situ growth of krill during the intermoult period prior to capture. A total of 10,362 krill were incubated in the IGR experiments conducted on board the research vessel. The average growth rate ranged between 1.8-9.6% of body length throughout the study area (n=1557). Juvenile and sub-adult krill showed higher growth rates compared to adults. Growth decreased with size for

krill of all maturity classes, with the largest krill (total length >50 mm) expressing negative growth. On average, mean growth was higher (6.5%) in the western section (30-55 degrees E) of the study area compared to the east (56-80 degrees E) (4.2%). In the western section significantly higher growth rates were recorded for krill sampled close to the ice-edge (8.4%) compared to the open ocean (4.2%), which may be due to the presence of phytoplankton blooms associated with the retreating sea ice. However, in the eastern sector higher WH-4-023 supplier growth rates occurred in krill from the open ocean compared to the krill caught in areas closer to the coast (5.4% and 2.6% respectively). Krill condition was measured in terms of digestive gland size as a percentage of carapace length. The size of krill digestive gland relative to carapace length ranged from 0.46 to 0.66 (n=2403). A significant positive correlation was found between growth rate and size of the digestive gland (r(2)=0.7), indicating that growth is related to feeding events. Both digestive gland size and krill growth significantly increased with increasing Chlorophyll a levels and declining SST. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The between-groups (pain + versus pain -) pooled random OR of being employed was 0.7 (strong), and was significantly different from unity (95% CI 0.5 to 0.9; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicated that individuals with MS who experience pain were significantly more likely to report a decreased employment rate than individuals with MS who were pain free.”
“Context Dietary carbohydrates have been associated with dyslipidemia, a lipid profile known to increase

cardiovascular disease risk. Added sugars (caloric sweeteners used as ingredients in processed or prepared foods) are an increasing and potentially modifiable component in the US diet. No known studies have examined the association between the consumption of added sugars and lipid measures.\n\nObjective MGCD0103 cost To assess the association between consumption of added sugars and blood lipid levels in US adults.\n\nDesign, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study among US adults (n=6113) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006. Respondents were grouped by intake of added sugars using limits specified in dietary recommendations

(<5% [reference group], 5%-<10%, 10%-<17.5%, 17.5%-<25%, and >= 25% of total calories). Linear regression was used to estimate adjusted mean lipid levels. Logistic regression check details was used to determine adjusted odds ratios of dyslipidemia. Interactions between added sugars and sex were evaluated.\n\nMain Outcome Measures Adjusted mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), geometric mean triglycerides, and mean low-density lipoprotein

cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and adjusted odds ratios of dyslipidemia, including low HDL-C levels (<40 mg/dL for men; <50 mg/dL for women), high triglyceride levels (>= 150 mg/dL), high LDL-C levels (>130 mg/dL), or high ratio of triglycerides to HDL-C (>3.8). Results were weighted to be representative of the US population.\n\nResults A mean of 15.8% of consumed calories was from added sugars. Among participants consuming less than 5%, 5% to less than 17.5%, 17.5% to less than 25%, and 25% or greater of total energy as added sugars, adjusted mean HDL-C levels BMS-777607 price were, respectively, 58.7, 57.5, 53.7, 51.0, and 47.7 mg/dL (P<.001 for linear trend), geometric mean triglyceride levels were 105, 102, 111, 113, and 114 mg/dL (P<.001 for linear trend), and LDL-C levels modified by sex were 116, 115, 118, 121, and 123 mg/dL among women (P=.047 for linear trend). There were no significant trends in LDL-C levels among men. Among higher consumers (>= 10% added sugars) the odds of low HDL-C levels were 50% to more than 300% greater compared with the reference group (<5% added sugars).\n\nConclusion In this study, there was a statistically significant correlation between dietary added sugars and blood lipid levels among US adults. JAMA.

More effective and earlier smoking cessation interventions are required for particularly disadvantaged groups.”
“Background: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) has been implicated in the invasiveness and metastasis of diverse cancers. However, the published data remain controversial on the correlation between CXCR4 expression level, as well

as its subcellular see more distribution in tumor cells, and the clinical outcome of patients with breast cancer. Methods: To identify the precise role of CXCR4 in the clinical outcome of breast cancer, we performed a meta-analysis including 15 published studies. Original data included the hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer with high CXCR4 expression versus low expression. We

pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the hazard. Results: A total of 15 published studies (including 3104 patients) were eligible. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of breast cancer were found to be significantly related to CXCR4 expression level, with the HR being 1.65 (95% CI: 1.34-2.03; P < 0.00001) and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.42-2.65; P < 0.00001) respectively. Stratified analysis according to subcellular distribution of CXCR4 showed that high expression in whole PCI 32765 cells, cytoplasm and nucleus could predict unfavorable OS, with the HR of 2.02 (95% CI: 1.43-2.85; P < 0.0001), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.13-2.18; P = 0.007), and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.19-1.81; P = 0.0004) respectively. As for DFS, elevated expression level of CXCR4 both in whole cells and cytoplasm predicted a poor outcome,

with the HR being 2.23 (95% CI: 1.48-3.37; P = 0.0001) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.11-2.80; P = 0.02), while high expression in the nucleus had no statistical significance, with HR 1.15 (95% CI: 0.52-2.55; P = 0.73). Conclusions: Increased CXCR4 expression, especially in whole cells and cytoplasm, may serve as a poor prognostic DMH1 indicator in patients with breast cancer. Future studies are warranted to investigate the relationship between CXCR4 expression and survival of patients with breast carcinoma, which could help predict the clinical outcome and guide clinical decision-making for therapy. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In this article, Monte Carlo method is used to study the characteristics of gallium nitride (GaN). Impact ionization is treated as an additional scattering mechanism, which is described by the Keldysh formula with the parameters determined by fitting the simulated results to the numerical calculation results. Based on simplified model, results of velocity overshoot and impact ionization rate of both carriers are calculated and analyzed. In addition, we get the device characteristics associated with impact ionization, i.e., gain, noise, and bandwidth (both electron- and hole-injected cases), which is compared to the reported experimental data and conventional theories.

This is in stark contrast to the federal government’s stance of zero-tolerance, which has led to a heated legal debate in the United States. After reviewing relevant scientific SBE-β-CD research buy data and grounding the issue in ethical principles like beneficence and nonmaleficence, there is a strong argument for allowing physicians to prescribe marijuana. Patients have a right to all beneficial treatments and to deny them this right violates their basic human rights.”
“Conventional 1D, spatially nonselective fat saturation can generate uncrushed fat signals in areas far outside the imaging slice where crushers

are weak because of reduced gradient linearity. These fat signals can corrupt in-slice water signal, and in functional MRI, they can manifest themselves as artifacts such as clouds in image background or localized signal fluctuation over time. In this article, a spectralspatial radiofrequency pulse is proposed to replace the conventional, spatially nonselective fat saturation pulse. The advantage of the proposed method is that fat protons far outside the image slice would not be excited because of the spatial selectivity, thereby removing Selleck Z-DEVD-FMK the root

cause of the fat aliasing artifacts. The proposed method also preserves thin slice capability, pulse duration, and fat suppression performance of the conventional method. Bloch simulation and human volunteer results show that the method is effective in reducing the fat aliasing artifacts seen in functional MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Objective To investigate the optimal glycated haemoglobin Selleckchem AS1842856 (HbA1c) cut off points and evaluate the impact of HbA1c on diabetes and pre-diabetes in middle-aged and elderly population.\n\nMethods Subjects were recruited from Shanghai Changfeng Study. A total of 1 973 community-based participants (age >= 45) without known diabetes underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) by using a 75-g oral glucose load and HbA1c was measured by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subjects were classified as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), pre-diabetes(impaired glucose regulation, IGR)

and new diagnosed diabetes (NDD) per 1999 WHO criteria. Two tests are compared with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).\n\nResults Among 1973 subjects, 271 (13.7%) were diagnosed as NDD and 474 (24.0%) as IGR by using OGTT. HbA1c was 5.7%+/- 0.7% in this population. Use of 6.5% as the HbA1C cutoff point has sensitivity of 38.7% and specificity of 98.5%. We recommend 6.0% as a better cutoff value for diagnosis of diabetes in this population (AUC 0.829, 95% CI 0.798-0.860, P<0.001) with its sensitivity and specificity as 66.1% and 86.8%. For IGR, the results showed low sensitivity (44.9%) and specificity (66.7%) with an AUC of 0.571 for HbA1c when 5.8% was used as the cutoff point. Participants detected with HbA1c >= 6.

001). This study confirms the high prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with unsuppressed secondary hyperparathyroidism Selleckchem LY2835219 and discloses a high prevalence of Alexithymia which is ameliorated by PTX. However, the correlation of Alexithymia with sleep disorders does not depend on depression. (C) 2010 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: Head and neck cancer treatment restricts oral intake and conditioning malnutrition. Adequate

nutritional support during treatment can limit the impact of side effects.\n\nObjective: To describe EORTC QLQ-C30 role for malnutrition risk screening in head and neck cancer patients.\n\nMethods: Analytical and cross-sectional, diagnostic test study in head and neck cancer Selleck AL3818 patients. We correlated

malnutrition diagnosis with subjective global assessment (SGA) and score for the EORTC QLQ-C30 scales with Pearson and Spearman correlation. We realized COR (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves to calculate cut point in the score for the EORTC QLQ-C30 scales; we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Odds Ratio through logistic regression.\n\nResults: Functional scales (role, physic, global health status/QoL) showed limited utility to malnutrition risk estimation in people with head and neck cancer. Symptoms’ scales with strong association were:

selleck screening library pain (sensitivity 76.47%, specificity 69.23%), insomnia (sensitivity 88.24%, specificity 53.85%), fatigue (sensitivity 70.59%, specificity 76.92%).\n\nConclusions: EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire is a useful tool to early malnutrition diagnosis in head and neck cancer patients with short term results in nutritional condition, treatment response and a better QoL, in this kind of patients.”
“The virucidal effects of two types of electrolyzed water, acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), on avian influenza viruses were studied. Virus titers of the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus and the low-pathogenic H9N2 virus irreversibly decreased by bigger than 5-log at 1 min after the viruses were mixed with NEW containing a parts per thousand yen43 ppm free available chlorine (FAC), but not with NEW containing smaller than 17 ppm FAC. The minimum concentration of FAC for a virucidal effect of NEW was estimated at around 40 ppm. In contrast, the virus titers decreased by bigger than 5 log at 1 min after the viruses were mixed with AEW, in which the concentration of the FAC ranged from 72 to 0 ppm. Thus, the virucidal effect of AEW did not depend on the presence of FAC. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments of the M and NP genes, but not the complete M gene, from RNA extracted from the AEW-inactivated virus.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining occult invasive presence and disease extent in patients with preoperative diagnosis of pure DCIS. We analyzed 125 patients with postoperative pure DCIS (n=91) and DCIS plus invasive

component (n=34). Diagnostic mammography (MRX) showed Rabusertib a size underestimation rate of 30.4% while MRI showed an overestimation rate of 28.6%. Comparing the mean absolute error between preoperative MRI and MRX evaluations and final disease extent, MRI showed an improved accuracy of 51.2%. In our analysis preoperative breast MRI showed a better accuracy in predicting postoperative pathologic extent of disease, adding strength

to the growing evidences that preoperative MRI can lead to a more appropriate management of DCIS patients.”
“Aims\n\nTo describe 4-year treatment retention and treatment response among chronic, treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients offered long-term heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in the Netherlands.\n\nDesign\n\nObservational cohort study.\n\nSetting and intervention\n\nOut-patient treatment in specialized heroin treatment Panobinostat purchase centres in six cities in the Netherlands, with methadone plus injectable or inhalable heroin offered 7 days per week, three times per day. Prescription of methadone plus heroin was supplemented with individually tailored psychosocial and medical support.\n\nParticipants\n\nHeroin-dependent patients who had responded positively to HAT in two randomized controlled trials and were eligible for long-term heroin-assisted treatment (n = 149).\n\nMeasurements\n\nPrimary outcome measures were treatment retention after 4 years and treatment response

on a dichotomous, multi-domain response index, comprising physical, mental and social health and illicit substance use.\n\nFindings\n\nFour-year retention was 55.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 47.6-63.8%].\n\nTreatment\n\nResponse was significantly better for patients continuing 4 years of HAT compared to patients who discontinued treatment: 90.4% versus 21.2% [difference 69.2%; odds ratio (OR) = 48.4, 95% CI: 17.6-159.1]. Continued HAT treatment was also associated with an increasing AZD9291 concentration proportion of patients without health problems and who had stopped illicit drug and excessive alcohol use: from 12% after the first year to 25% after 4 years of HAT.\n\nConclusions\n\nLong-term HAT is an effective treatment for chronic heroin addicts who have failed to benefit from methadone maintenance treatment. Four years of HAT is associated with stable physical, mental and social health and with absence of illicit heroin use and substantial reductions in cocaine use. HAT should be continued as long as there is no compelling reason to stop treatment.”
“The transport and capture of therapeutic magnetic nanoparticles in human microvasculature is studied numerically.

05). Growth during the first FU year predicts further growth. Vestibular schwannoma volume does not correlate with

audiologic deterioration significantly.\n\nConclusion: Hypointensity on T2-weighted image of the affected labyrinth will result in a significant faster deterioration of hearing. Hearing loss was more profound, and hearing will deteriorate significantly faster in patients presenting with complaints of hearing loss. Significant growth during the first year of FU predicts further growth during FU. Sequential MRI cannot be substituted by audiologic examinations solely because increase in VS volume does not correlate with audiologic deterioration significantly.”
“Bismuth-TiO2 nanocubes were synthesized via a facile sol gel hydrothermal method selleck screening library with titanium tetraisopropoxide as the precursor. The influence of the bismuth on the size, morphology, crystallinity and optical behavior Selleck Nocodazole of TiO2 nanocubes were investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy

(TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). Photovoltaic behavior of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated using Bi-TiO2 nanocubes was studied. The DSSCs had an open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 590 my, a short-circuit current density (J(sc)) of 7.71 mA/cm(2), and the conversion efficiency (eta) of 2.11% under AM 1.5 illumination, a 77% increment as compared to pure TiO2 nanocubes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.”
“Azygos vein aneurysm is extremely rare. Herein we report a 41-year-old woman whose chest radiograph showed right paratracheal opacity. During 6-month follow-up, she underwent computed tomography scanning 3 times and magnetic resonance imaging. The mass enlarged gradually and changed its position from the posterior to the anterior upper right mediastinum. Venography and surgery were finally performed, which confirmed an aneurysm of the learn more azygos vein. Pathologic findings indicated a congenital

etiology. To the best of our knowledge, such an azygos vein aneurysm with changeable position during follow-up has not been reported previously.”
“Background: Influenza infection is known to be an exacerbating factor in the control of asthma, therfore its prevention is critical in managing asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influenza A H1N1 2009 pandemic virus (H1N1 pdm09) infection in adult asthmatic patients. Methods: Data were obtained from a questionnaire-based survey of asthmatic patients conducted from September to October 2010 in Niigata Prefecture. Patient background, H1N1 pdm09 infection, vaccination status, and asthma exacerbation due to influenza infection were analyzed. Results: In total, 2,555 cases were analyzed. The incidence of the infection was 6.