1; [30] Number of matches in column four refer to hits of the 315 bp ARM-PCR amplicon in the searched Wolbachia genomes. Hits were selleck chemicals produced using the blastn algorithm (megablast) with match/mismatch scores 1,-2. Wolbachia strains are

organized by supergroup (column two). Matches to ARM were only found within the A-supergroup. aMinimum number of ARMs in the corresponding genome. Exact number cannot be given due to the lack of a complete genome. bRefers to no similarity detected between ARM and searched genome (complete/draft). ARM facilitates detection of low-titer Wolbachia from A-supergoup ARM-targeting primer were tested via end-point PCR screen on DNA from high- and low-titer Wolbachia infections in Drosophila and Glossina (tsetse fly) species (Additional file AZD6738 solubility dmso 2). As shown in Figure 2, the classic Wolbachia singlecopy BIBW2992 order gene marker wsp (Wolbachia outer surface protein gene) is only applicable for samples with high-titer infections, since Wolbachia was only detected in high-titer D. paulistorum Orinocan semispecies (OR, Figure 2A) as well as in D. willistoni (Dw +, Figure 2B), D. melanogaster (Dm +, Figure 2B), D. simulans (Ds +, Figure 2B) and Glossina morsitans morsitans (Gmm, Figure 2B). The wsp primer failed to detect Wolbachia in low-titer strains like D. paulistorum Amazonian (AM) and Centroamerican (CA) semispecies plus Glossina swynnertoni

(Figure 2A,B), indicating that a singlecopy gene like wsp is not suited for tracking low-titer infections. As multicopy gene markers like insertion sequences (IS) can be used to increase the detection limit, we ran PCR using primer for Insertion Sequence 5 (IS5; [8–10] on the same sample set. We observed increased sensitivity compared to wsp-PCR since Wolbachia was detected in low-titer CA2 (Figure 2A) and in the A/O hybrid samples. However, IS5 primer failed at amplifying the target sequence in all three Glossina samples (Gmm, Gsw and Gs/Gm hybrid; Figure 2B) despite the overall high Wolbachia titer in Gmm[12]. Figure 2 Comparison of Wolbachia marker sensitivity by PCR.

(A) The three Wolbachia markers wsp, IS5 and ARM were tested on the following specimens: New world Drosophila species from the Drosophila willistoni group including D. paulistorum Amazonian (AM1, AM2), and Anacetrapib Centroamerican (CA1, CA2) semispecies. Orinocan semispecies (OR) served as Wolbachia positive control; Ds – as Wolbachia negative control. B = blank. Quality of DNA was assessed with universal primer set 12SCFR, 12SCRR targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene [20, 21]. Expected amplicon sizes for Wolbachia positive control (OR) are 631 bp (wsp), 752 bp (IS5), 315 bp (ARM) and 399 bp (12S rRNA). (B) Same markers as above were tested on additional samples including hybrids: A/O hybrid plus parents AM and OR; Glossina Gs/Gm hybrid plus parental strains Gsw and Gmm (Additional file 2). Drosophila New world members include D. willistoni Dw + and Dw -.

A key success factor for moving forward with a transformational sustainability science agenda is the creation and strengthening of local, regional,

and global MGCD0103 mw networks of researchers and practitioners that are willing to set aside disparities in power, authority, and reputation in order to make demonstrable progress towards sustainability. Acknowledgments The guest editors would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief Professor Kazuhiko Takeuchi for the opportunity and the encouragement to edit this Special Issue as well as Darek Gondor and Osamu Saito (Editorial Office) for tireless and competent support during the editorial process. References Benessia A, Funtowicz S, Bradshaw G, Ferri F, Medina CP, Raez-Luna EF (2012) Hybridizing sustainability: towards a new praxis for

the present human predicament. Sustain Sci 7(Suppl). doi:10.​1007/​s11625-011-0150-4 Blackstock KL, Kelly GJ, Horsey BL (2007) Developing and applying a framework to evaluate participatory P005091 manufacturer research for sustainability. Ecol Econ 60:726–742CrossRef Han J, Fontanos P, Fukushi K, Herath S, Heeren N, Naso V, Cecchi C, Edwards P, Takeuchi K (2012) Innovation for sustainability: towards a sustainable urban future. Sustain Sci 7(Suppl). doi:10.​1007/​s11625-011-0152-2 Jerneck A, Olsson L, Ness B, Anderberg S, Baier M, Clark E et al (2011) Structuring sustainability science. Sustain Sci 6:69–82CrossRef Kates RW, Clark WC, Corell R, Hall JM, Jaeger CC, Lowe I et al (2001) Sustainability science. Science 292(5517):641–642CrossRef Komiyama H, Takeuchi K (2006) Sustainability science: building a new discipline. Sustain Sci 1(1):1–6CrossRef Lang DJ, Wiek A, Bergmann M, Stauffacher M, Martens P, Moll P, Swilling M, Thomas C (2012) Transdisciplinary research in sustainability science—practice,

principles and challenges. Sustain Sci 7(Suppl). doi:10.​1007/​s11625-011-0149-x Orecchini F, Valitutti V, Vitali G (2012) Industry and academia for a transition towards sustainability: advancing Amylase sustainability science through university-business collaboration. Sustain Sci 7(Suppl). doi:10.​1007/​see more s11625-011-0151-3 Sarewitz D, Kriebel D, Clapp R, Crumbley C, Hoppin P, Jacobs M et al (2010) The sustainable solutions agenda. Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes (CSPO), Arizona State University and Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, University of Massachusetts, Lowell Shiroyama H, Yarime M, Matsuo M, Schroeder H, Scholz R, Ulrich A (2012) Governance for sustainability: knowledge integration and multi actor dimensions. Sustain Sci 7(Suppl). doi:10.​1007/​s11625-011-0155-z Spangenberg JH (2011) Sustainability science: a review, an analysis and some empirical lessons. Environ Conserv 38:275–287CrossRef Talwar S, Wiek A, Robinson J (2011) User engagement in sustainability research.

Analytical thin-layer chromatography was carried out on DC-Alufolien Kieselgel 60 F254 silica gel (0.2 mm; Merck) with chloroform: methanol (96:4) as the developing solvent. Talazoparib Visualization was effected with a solution of 10 g Ce (SO4)2 and 20 g phosphomolybdic acid in 1 l of 10% H2SO4, followed by heating. Preparative column chromatography was accomplished using silica gel (Kiesel 60, 230–400 mesh; Merck) columns. Proton NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AMX 300 instrument at 300 MHz

with acetone-d6 as the solvent and TMS as an internal standard. The infrared (IR) spectra in KBr were recorded on a Mattson IR 300 spectrometer. Synthesis of isoxanthohumol derivatives 7,4′-Di-O-methylisoxanthohumol (4) and 7-O-methylisoxanthohumol Selleckchem GDC-0449 (5) A mixture of isoxanthohumol (100 mg, 0.282 mmol), Smad3 phosphorylation anhydrous K2CO3 (232 mg, 1.68 mmol), and methyl iodide (0.5 ml) in 5 ml of anhydrous acetone was stirred for 12 h at room temperature. Acetone was evaporated and the resultant reaction mixture was treated with 10 ml of a saturated NaCl solution and extracted with Et2O (3 × 10 ml). The organic

phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated and was subjected to column chromatography (CHCl3:MeOH, 99:1) to provide 74.9 mg (69.4%) of light yellow solid (mp = 37–39°C, R f = 0.60, CHCl3:MeOH, 98:2) of 7,4′-di-O-methylisoxanthohumol

(4) and 9.1 mg (8.8%) of white solid (mp = 181–184°C, R f = 0.21, CHCl3:MeOH, 98:2) of 7-O-methylisoxanthohumol (5). 1H NMR and IR spectroscopic data were in agreement with those reported in the literature (Metz and Schwab, 2007; Stevens et very al., 2000). 7-O-n-pentylisoxanthohumol (6) and 7,4′-di-O-n-pentyl-8-isoxanthohumol (7) The reaction was carried out exactly in the same way as it is described for compounds (4 and 5) but 1 ml of n-pentyl iodide was used instead of methyl iodide. The 1H NMR (300 MHz, acetone-d 6) for compound (6): δ (ppm): 0.93 (t, 3H, J = 7.1 Hz, C-7–O(CH2)4CH3); 1.33–1.54 (m, 4H, C-7–O(CH2)2CH2CH2CH3); 1.61 (d, 6H, J = 1.3 Hz, CH3-4′′ and CH3-5′′); 1.78–1.87 (m, 2H, C7–OCH2CH2(CH2)2CH3); 2.63 (dd, 1H, J = 16.4 Hz, J = 3.0 Hz, CH-3); 2.93 (dd, 1H, J = 16.4 Hz, J = 12.5 Hz, CH-3); 3.26 (d, 2H, J = 7.1 Hz, CH2-1′′); 3.84 (s, 3H, C-5–OCH3); 4.13 (t, 2H, J = 6.3 Hz, C-7–OCH2(CH2)3CH3); 5.16 (t sept, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz, J = 1.3 Hz, CH-2′′); 5.36 (dd, 1H, J = 12.5 Hz, J = 3.0 Hz, CH-2); 6.34 (s, 1H, CH-6); 6.89(d, 2H, J = 8.6 Hz, CH-3′ and CH-5′); 7.38 (d, 2H, J = 8.6 Hz, CH-2′ i CH-6′); 8.53 (s, 1H, C-4′–OH). IR (KBr) cm-1: 2957, 2931, 2856, 1665, 1599, 1570, 1520, 1458, 1262, 1103, 798. C26H32O5 (424.54): calcd. C 73.56, H 7.60; found C 73.67, H 6.75.

Folic acid (folate) 400 mcg/d Functions as a coenzyme in the formation of DNA and red blood cells. An increase in red blood cells could improve oxygen delivery to the muscles during exercise. Believed to be important to help prevent birth defects and may help decrease homocysteine levels. Studies suggest that increasing dietary availability of folic acid during pregnancy can lower the incidence of

birth defects [493]. Additionally, it may decrease homocysteine levels (a risk factor for heart disease) [494]. In well-nourished and folate deficient-athletes, folic acid did not improve exercise performance [495]. Pantothenic acid 5 mg/d Acts as a coenzyme for acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). This may benefit aerobic or oxygen energy systems. GW786034 in vitro Research has reported no improvements in aerobic performance with acetyl CoA supplementation. However, one study reported a decrease in lactic acid accumulation, without an improvement in performance [496]. Lazertinib supplier Beta carotene None Serves as an antioxidant. Theorized to help minimize exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and muscle damage. Research indicates that beta carotene supplementation with or without other antioxidants can help decrease exercise-induced peroxidation. Over time, this may help athletes

tolerate training. However, it is unclear whether NCT-501 order antioxidant supplementation affects exercise performance [483]. Vitamin C Males 90 mg/d Females 75 mg/d Used in a number of different metabolic processes

in the body. It is involved in the synthesis of epinephrine, iron absorption, and is an antioxidant. Theoretically, it could benefit exercise performance by improving metabolism during exercise. There is also evidence that vitamin C may enhance immunity. In well-nourished athletes, vitamin C supplementation does not appear to improve physical performance [497, 498]. However, there is some evidence that vitamin C supplementation (e.g., 500 mg/d) following intense exercise may decrease the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections [471, 499, 500]. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) based on the 1989 Food & Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council recommendations. Updated in 2001 Minerals Minerals are essential inorganic elements necessary for PD184352 (CI-1040) a host of metabolic processes. Minerals serve as structure for tissue, important components of enzymes and hormones, and regulators of metabolic and neural control. Some minerals have been found to be deficient in athletes or become deficient in response to training and/or prolonged exercise. When mineral status is inadequate, exercise capacity may be reduced. Dietary supplementation of minerals in deficient athletes has generally been found to improve exercise capacity. Additionally, supplementation of specific minerals in non-deficient athletes has also been reported to affect exercise capacity.

In addition, TaN has been used in high-temperature ceramic pressure sensors because of its good piezoresistive properties [3]. Also, it is an attractive histocompatible material that can be used in artificial heart valves [4]. Among the various tantalum nitride phases, cubic delta-tantalum nitride (δ-TaN), with a NaCl-type structure (space group: Fm3m), exhibits excellent properties see more such as high hardness, stability at high temperature,

and superconductivity [5]. In general, it is difficult to produce δ-TaN under ambient conditions since its formation requires high temperature and nitrogen pressure. According to the data reported in another study [6], δ-TaN is selleck chemical normally made at more than 1,600°C and 16 MPa of nitrogen pressure. Kieffer et al. synthesized cubic TaN by heating hexagonal TaN above 1,700°C at a N2 pressure of 6 atm [7]. Matsumoto and Konuma were successful in producing cubic TaN by heating

hexagonal TaN at a reduced pressure using a plasma jet [8]. Mashimo et al. were able to transform hexagonal TaN into cubic TaN by both static compression and shock compression at high temperature [9]. Cubic TaN in powder form was also synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technique [10, 11]. In this process, the combustion of metallic tantalum from 350 to 400 MPa of nitrogen pressure resulted in micrometer size δ-TaN at a temperature above 2,000°C. More recently, two approaches, solid-state metathesis reaction and nitridation-thermal

decomposition [12–14], were adopted for the synthesis of nanosized particles of δ-TaN. O’Loughlin et al. used the metathesis reaction of TaCl5 with Li3N and 12 mol of NaN3 to produce δ-TaN [12]. The authors concluded that significant nitrogen pressure created by the addition of NaN3 enabled cubic-phase Florfenicol TaN to form, along with hexagonal Ta2N. Solid-state metathesis reaction applied to the TaCl5-Na-NH4Cl mixture resulted in a bi-phase product at 650°C comprising both hexagonal and cubic phases of TaN [13]. More recently, Liu et al. reported the synthesis of cubic δ-TaN through homogenous reduction of TaCl5 with sodium in liquid ammonia, with a subsequent annealing mTOR inhibition process at 1,200°C to 1,400°C under high vacuum [14]. Nitridation-thermal decomposition, a two-step process for the synthesis of cubic δ-TaN, was also reported [15]. In the first step, nanosized Ta2O5 was nitrided at 800°C for 8 h under an ammonia flow. The as-prepared product was then thermally decomposed at 1,000°C in nitrogen atmosphere, and cubic nanocrystalline δ-TaN was obtained. In most cases, the products prepared by the above-mentioned methods were often mixtures containing other compounds such as TaN0.5 or other nonstoichiometric phases.

A, semi-quantitative RT-PCR of TLRs in MDA-MB-231. The GAPDH mRNA was amplified as control. B, real-time RT-PCR of TLRs in MDA-MB-231. The expression of TLR3 was normalized to 1.0 as it was

expressed weakest among all TLRs. C, Flow cytometry of TLRs protein expression levels in MDA-MB-231. All results are representative of three Elafibranor concentration separate experiments. Efficient knockdown click here of TLR4 expression by three siRNAs in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 To study the biological role of TLR4 in the progression of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, we constructed pGenesil-1 plasmid vectors expressing three different siRNAs directed against TLR4 [GenBank: NM_138554.3] to selectively reduce TLR4 gene expression in MDA-MB-231. The regions have no significant homology to other coactivators or sequences in the human genome

database. The vector, TLR4AsiRNA, TLR4BsiRNA, TLR4CsiRNA and ScrambledsiRNA were transfected into MDA-MB-231. After 48 h, the transfected cells appeared to fluoresce green under the fluorescence microscope. Transfection efficiency reached about 70%. From RT-PCR MK-4827 we could see that there were different reductions in TLR4AsiRNA, TLR4BsiRNA, TLR4CsiRNA transfected cells (Figure 2A). Figure 2B showed us that the decreased expression of TLR4 at mRNA levels for TLR4AsiRNA, TLR4BsiRNA and TLR4CsiRNA was 74.8 ± 9.2%, 55.2 ± 6.7% and 63.0 ± 8.3% as compared to vector control (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in siRNA control (P ever > 0.05). As shown in Figure 2C, analysis of the transfected cells for TLR4

expression via FCM demonstrated that specific reductions at protein level for TLR4AsiRNA, TLR4BsiRNA and TLR4CsiRNA was 53.0% ± 2.9%, 37.9% ± 3.7% and 46.7% ± 4.6% as compared to vector control (P < 0.05). No obvious difference was seen in siRNA control (P > 0.05). Human beast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed that siRNA-directed knockdown of the TLR4 gene was specific. TLR4AsiRNA was the most efficient recombinant plasmid in silencing TLR4 and it was chosen for use in subsequent functional assay. Figure 2 Transfection and silencing of TLR4 expression using three different siRNAs in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. A, RT-PCR of TLR4 from pGenesil-1 vector, ScrambledsiRNA, TLR4AsiRNA, TLR4BsiRNA and TLR4CsiRNA transfected MDA-MB-231. B, the decreased expression of TLR4 at mRNA level in pGenesil-1 vector, ScrambledsiRNA, TLR4AsiRNA, TLR4BsiRNA and TLR4CsiRNA transfected MDA-MB-231 with real-time PCR. C, analysis of transfected cells for TLR4 expression by flow cytometry. All results are representative of three separate experiments. TLR4 knock down inhibited proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in the supernatant of transfected human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 Real-time PCR had demonstrated a specific reduction at mRNA level for TLR4AsiRNA.

Total blood loss was 625 ml (20ml/kg). This corresponds to class II hemorrhagic shock in humans. While no controls were performed comparing this novel method to traditional therapies, the amount of blood loss with the L-VAC compares favorably to that reported in the current literature. Reported mean estimated blood losses approach 3,700ml in swine with similar injures treated with packing and hemostatic bandages. Hepatic parenchymal perfusion

was maintained by keeping L-VAC pressures well below the mean and systolic blood pressure throughout the experiment (Figure 5). The liver appeared well perfused by gross inspection upon removal of the device. The L-VAC provides a theoretical advantage over perihepatic p53 activator packing by the ability to regulate the amount of pressure applied to the hepatic parenchyma in real-time. To prevent TH-302 datasheet hepatic ischemia, the vacuum setting can be adjusted to the lowest possible setting that allows for sealing and hemostasis. This may be accomplished in the clinical setting by following L-VAC suction canister output and titrating vacuum pressures accordingly. No post-injury cardiopulmonary compromise was encountered during use of the L-VAC. Venous return to the heart was unaffected as central venous pressures and SBP remained within normal limits throughout the

experiment and serum lactate levels elevated in proportion to the level of hemorrhage. Traditional packing methods rely on compressing the liver between the abdominal wall and the spine for hemostasis. only Pressure is also directed posteriorly toward the retroperitoneum and the retrohepatic vena cava. This impediment of venous return is poorly tolerated in the hypovolemic patient and may exacerbate already compromised cardiac output.

Given the circular geometry of the L-VAC device, the force vectors are directed CB-5083 chemical structure inward toward the liver parenchyma. This allows for pressure application to the injured organ without a concomitant decrease in venous return, a distinct advantage over traditional perihepatic packing. Perihepatic packing has also been shown to result in pathologic intra-abdominal hypertension [39]. In this study, abdominal compartment pressures remained low throughout the procedure. Urine output was commensurate with the level of hypovolemia, and end tidal CO2 levels remained constant. In addition, the bowel and bladder appeared well perfused upon device removal. With intraabdominal packing, temporary abdominal closure does not necessarily prevent the development of abdominal compartment syndrome. Prior investigators have demonstrated that unpacking the abdomen results in a significant improvement in cardiopulmonary function as well as renal and intestinal blood flow [39].

J Bacteriol 2002,184(1):290–301.PubMedCrossRef 25. Sauer K, Cullen M, Rickard A, Zeef L, Davies D, Gilbert P: Characterization of nutrient-induced dispersion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm. J Bacteriol 2004,186(21):7312–7326.PubMedCrossRef 26. Pernestig AK, Melefors O, Georgellis D: Identification

of UvrY as the cognate response regulator for the BarA sensor kinase in selleck inhibitor Escherichia coli . J Biol Chem 2001,276(1):225–231.PubMedCrossRef 27. Pernestig A-K, Georgellis D, Romeo T, Suzuki K, Tomenius H, Normark S, Melefors O: The Escherichia coli BarA-UvrY two-component system is needed for efficient switching between glycolytic learn more and gluconeogenic carbon sources. J Bacteriol 2003,185(3):843–853.PubMedCrossRef 28. Lapouge K, Schubert M, Allain FH-T, Haas

D: Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway of gamma-proteobacteria: from RNA recognition to regulation of social behaviour. Mol Microbiol 2008,67(2):241–253.PubMedCrossRef 29. Hassan KA, Johnson A, Shaffer BT, Ren Q, Kidarsa TA, Elbourne LDH, Hartney S, Duboy R, Goebel NC, Zabriskie TM: Inactivation of the GacA response regulator in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 has far-reaching transcriptomic consequences. Environ Microbiol 2010,12(4):899–915.PubMedCrossRef 30. Chavez RG, Alvarez AF, Romeo T, Georgellis D: The physiological stimulus for the BarA sensor kinase. J Bacteriol 2010,192(7):1735–1739. 31. Wang X, Dubey AK, Suzuki K, Baker CS, Babitzke P, Romeo T: CsrA post-transcriptionally represses pgaABCD , responsible for synthesis of a biofilm polysaccharide adhesin of Escherichia coli . Mol Microbiol 2005,56(6):1648–1663.PubMedCrossRef 32. Suzuki K, Wang X, Weilbacher T, Pernestig A-K, Melefors CP673451 O, Georgellis D, Babitzke P, Romeo T: Regulatory circuitry of the CsrA/CsrB and BarA/UvrY systems of Escherichia coli . J Bacteriol 2002,184(18):5130–5140.PubMedCrossRef

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Methods This was a retrospective study involving patients who were jointly managed by the surgical and gynecological teams at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) for bowel perforation secondary ��-Nicotinamide to illegally induced abortion from January 2002 to December 2011. BMC is a tertiary and teaching

hospital for the Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando (CUHAS-Bugando). It is located in Mwanza city and has a bed capacity of 1000. The study included all patients who were managed by the surgical and gynecological teams at our centre for bowel perforation secondary to illegally induced abortion during the study period. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from the study. this website Information on socio-demographic data, parity, gestational age at termination of pregnancy, interval from termination of pregnancy to presentation in hospital, clinical presentation, perforation-surgery interval, site of intestinal injury, management and clinical outcome was obtained from medical record database and from patients’

files, theatre and surgical and gynecological ward registries. All patients were first seen by the gynecologists at the Accident and Emergency department who made the diagnosis based on clinical findings. Radiological, haematological and biochemical investigations were carried out after initial fluid resuscitation. HM781-36B datasheet The patients were optimized clinically and commenced on broad spectrum antibiotics active against anaerobes,

gram positive and gram negative organisms. The surgical team was then invited to join in the management. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out with repair of uterine and intestinal injury as deemed appropriate by the operating surgeon. Both teams were usually involved in the postoperative management and outpatient follow-up. Statistical analysis The statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago IL, U.S.A). The median and ranges were calculated for continuous variables whereas proportions and frequency tables were used to summarize categorical variables. Continuous variables were categorized. Chi-square (Χ2) test were used to test for the significance of association Carbohydrate between the independent (predictor) and dependent (outcome) variables in the categorical variables. The level of significance was considered as P<0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictor variables that predict the outcome. Ethical consideration Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the CUHAS-Bugando/BMC joint institutional ethic review committee before the commencement of the study Results Out of 1619 patients who presented with induced abortion-related complications during the study period, 79 patients underwent exploratory laparotomy due to associated bowel perforation.

P25 SEX AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES OF OSTEOPOROSIS KNOWLEDGE AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING FOR DXA Thuy Nguyen, MS, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Stephanie Edmonds, RN, MPH, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Samantha Solimeo, PhD, U.S. Department of Veterans Repotrectinib mw Affairs, Iowa City, IA; Fredric Wolinsky, PhD, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Douglas Roblin, PhD, Kaiser Permanente, Atlanta, GA; Kenneth Saag, MD, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CBL0137 mw Birmingham, AL; Peter

Cram, MD, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA BACKGROUND: In order to motivate patients in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis and its related fracture, health care providers must understand patients’ knowledge of osteoporosis. Available evidence on osteoporosis knowledge is relatively limited and understanding of differences in knowledge among key patient subgroups is relatively unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine how osteoporosis-related knowledge differs by sex and race. METHODS: We identified patients enrolled in a large NIA-funded randomized controlled trial (the PAADRN Study, Clinical Trials.gov #NCT01507662). We selected adults 50 years of age or older who had been administered the 10-item ‘Osteoporosis and You’ knowledge scale. The scale’s summary score ranges from 0 to

10 with see more a score of 10 representing greater knowledge. We compared osteoporosis knowledge according to patient sex and race. Linear regression and ANOVA were used to model the bivariate relationship between osteoporosis knowledge and predictors along with covariates such as past history of osteopenia or osteoporosis, age group, and study site. RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 3,123 patients (mean age 67.0 years (±8.6), 82.8 % were female, 77.4 % were White, 20.5 % were Black, and 58.8 % had at least some college education) and 67.8 % Venetoclax had previously undergone DXA. Overall mean knowledge

score was 7.6 (±1.9). In bivariate analysis, mean knowledge for females was 7.6 and for males was 7.1 (P < 0.0001); alternatively, mean knowledge for Whites was 7.8 and for Blacks was 6.6 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients undergoing DXA, men had significantly lower osteoporosis knowledge than females and Blacks had lower knowledge than Whites. Future research is needed to better understand osteoporosis knowledge among key patient populations. P26 CHOOSING WISELY: EVALUATING THE APPROPRIATE USE OF DEXA IN OSTEOPOROSIS SCREENING OF WOMEN 50–64 YEARS OF AGE Shalu Bansal, MD, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jennifer L. Pecina, MD, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kurt A. Kennel, MD, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Stephen P. Merry, MD, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Julie A.