Thus, moderators of response can help predict differential effica

Thus, moderators of response can help predict differential efficacy between two or more treatments for MDD (for example, patients who present with a given moderator are more likely to respond to treatment with one antidepressant versus another than patients who do not present with that, given moderator). Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Mediators of efficacy outcome (sometimes also referred

to as correlates) are measurable changes (usually biologic) that occur during treatment and correlate with treatment outcome. These changes can either precede (in which case they may also predict outcome – “buy PLX-4720 predictive mediators”), or temporally coincide with treatment outcome (“simple mediators”). Differential mediators of outcome are also possible Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (changes that predict or correlate with an event, following treatment with one agent but not another). Figure 1 provides an overview regarding the combinations pertaining to mediators, moderators, and predictors of efficacy outcome in MDD. Table II

outlines potential clinical, scientific, and treatment-development implications Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical that may derive by identifying mediators, moderators, and predictors of efficacy outcome in MDD. Table II Potential clinical, scientific and treatment development applications of predictors, moderators and mediators of treatment Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical outcome in Major Depressive Disorder. In the following paragraphs, we will attempt to summarize the literature focusing on several major areas (“leads”) where preliminary evidence exists regarding clinical and biologic moderators, mediators, and predictors of symptom improvement in MDD. In the first section, we will focus on clinical variables while, in the second section, on biological variables. Clinical factors To date, the overwhelming majority of published studies Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical focusing on identifying predictors of response during

the acute-phase of treatment of M’DD involve the SSRIs. These studies focus on examining the role of illness characteristics (ie, depressive subtype) or comorbidity (psychiatric (ie, much axis I), characterologic (axis II), and medical (axis III), and will be reviewed according to antidepressant class. SSRI treatment In general, the presence and/or extent of factors associated with personality or temperament, including the presence of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-defined personality disorder,6-9 neuroticism,10 hypochondriacal concerns,11 dysfunctional attitudes,12 or temperamental style13 do not appear to predict response to the SSRIs. Figure 1. Schematic depiction of definitions.

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