All statistical testing was performed with two-tailed tests. Of the 500 people who were scheduled for TKA, 405 (81%) participated in the study. The characteristics of participants are presented in Table 1. The mean age of the cohort was 68 years (SD 10) and 249 (62%) were female. Selleck Crenolanib In total, 380 (94%) participants had two or more comorbid conditions, among which 60 (15%) had diabetes. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity (n = 216, 53%) followed by low back pain (n = 155, 38%). Contralateral joint involvement affected 117 (18%) at the hip and 298 (25%) at the knee. Postoperative in-hospital complications occurred in 18% of participants with diabetes and 13% of participants without diabetes. The most common types

of complications were postoperative delirium (n = 17, 4%), joint or wound infection (n = 15, 4%) and urinary tract infection (n = 14, 3%). The mean length of stay in acute care was 6 days (SD 3). The diagnosis of diabetes

had 97% exact agreement between chart review and participant reports. Of the 60 participants with diabetes, 19 (32%) participants reported that diabetes impacted their ability to perform daily routine activities. The number of participants with self-reported diabetes remained relatively constant over the 6 months. Eighty Ion Channel Ligand Library solubility dmso percent of participants with diabetes had hospital admission glucose levels above 6.0 mmol/L and 65% were taking either oral hypoglycaemics or insulin for their diabetes. No significant differences were seen between the diabetic and non-diabetic participants for age (p = 0.42), gender (p = 0.26), or chronic comorbidities such as heart disease,

kidney disease and visual impairment, as presented in Table 1. Participants with diabetes that impacted on routine activities had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 35.8 kg/m2 (SD 7.1), which was higher than participants with diabetes that did not impact on routine activities (mean 33.7 kg/m2, SD 6.6) and participants without diabetes (mean 31.7 kg/m2, SD 6.3). Pre-operative WOMAC pain and function scores were similar among the three groups Phosphoprotein phosphatase (Figure 1). At 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, participants with diabetes that impacted on routine activities had greater pain scores than the other two groups. These differences were of a magnitude that people typically consider to be somewhat different. 22 A similar pattern was also seen with the WOMAC function scores. Participants with diabetes that impacted on routine activities had poorer function than the other two groups ( Figure 1). Although no statistically significant differences were seen among the groups at 1 month, function scores were significantly poorer for participants in the diabetes with impact group than the other two groups at 3 (p < 0.01) and 6 months (p < 0.05). At baseline, the overall HUI3 scores for the three groups differed by more than 0.03, which was the threshold that was adopted as being clinically meaningful.