Varese: Università degli studi dell’Insubria; 2011. [Master thesis] 22. den Boer JW, Yzerman EP, Jansen R, Bruin JP, Verhoef LP, Neve G, van der Zwaluw K: Legionnaires’ disease and gardening. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007,13(1):88–91.PubMedCrossRef 23. Koide M, Saito A, Okazaki M, Umeda B, Benson RF: Isolation of Legionella longbeachae serogroup 1 from potting soils in Japan. Clin Infect Selleckchem Rabusertib Dis 1999,29(4):943–944.PubMedCrossRef 24. Krojgaard LH, Krogfelt KA, Albrechtsen HJ, Uldum SA: Detection of Legionella by quantitative-polymerase

chain reaction (qPCR) for monitoring and risk assessment. BMC Microbiol 2011, 11:254.PubMedCrossRef 25. Tebbe CC, Vahjen W: Interference of humic acids and DNA extracted directly from soil in detection and transformation of recombinant DNA from bacteria and a yeast. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993,59(8):2657–2665.Selleckchem VX-770 PubMed 26. Diederen BM, de Jong CM, Marmouk F, Kluytmans

JA, Peeters MF, Van der Zee A: Evaluation of real-time PCR for the early detection of Legionella pneumophila DNA in serum samples. J Med Microbiol 2007,56(Pt 1):94–101.PubMedCrossRef 27. Rowbotham TJ: Isolation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from human feces with use of amebic cocultures. Clin Infect Dis 1998,26(2):502–503.PubMedCrossRef 28. Declerck P, Behets J, van Hoef V, Ollevier F: Replication of Legionella pneumophila in floating biofilms. Curr Microbiol 2007,55(5):435–440.PubMedCrossRef check details 29. Steinert M, Emody L, Amann R, Hacker J: Resuscitation of viable but nonculturable Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia JR32 by Acanthamoeba castellanii . Appl Environ Microbiol 1997,63(5):2047–2053.PubMed 30. Adeleke nearly A, Pruckler J, Benson R, Rowbotham T, Halablab M, Fields B: Legionella-like amebal pathogens–phylogenetic

status and possible role in respiratory disease. Emerg Infect Dis 1996,2(3):225–230.PubMedCrossRef 31. Descours G, Suet A, Ginevra C, Campese C, Slimani S, Ader F, Che D, Lina G, Jarraud S: Contribution of amoebic coculture to recovery of legionella isolates from respiratory samples: prospective analysis over a period of 32 months. J Clin Microbiol 2012,50(5):1725–1726.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions LC, SC and VG participated in the conception and design of the study and participated in the analysis and interpretation of data. LC wrote the first draft of the manuscript which was extensively reviewed by SC and VG. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Bacteriophages, like all viruses, rely seriously on their hosts for reproduction [1]. Generally the life cycle of bacteriophage includes seven programmed steps [1, 2].