The MCF-7 cells were used to test
the cytotoxicity. Four kinds of selleckchem alginate particles varying from alginate viscosity and CaCl2 concentration were tested. After a 24-h exposure to alginate particles ranging from 5 to 1,000 μg/mL, the cell viability was assayed. Results show that there was no significant difference among the control (without adding alginate particles) and the samples. Furthermore, the differences among the four kinds of alginate particles were rather indistinguishable. R788 solubility dmso These results ensure the low cytotoxicity of prepared particles on the MCF-7 cells. Therefore, Pt NPs@alginate bubbles obtained in this study can be safely applied for biomedical applications in the future, such as the scaffold for cartilage
tissue engineering [39]. Figure 8 Cytotoxicity induced by Pt@alginate bubbles on MCF-7 cells. Alginate is 150 cp (A and B) and 350 cp (C and D). The concentrations of CaCl2 are 10% (A and C) and 20% (B and D). Particle morphology Table 1 shows the particle morphology of chitosan and alginate materials in different pH conditions. The three particles, chitosan, alginate, and NPs@alginate bubbles, were compared along the immersion time. The results indicate that chitosan particles disintegrated in acid solution after 1 h immersion but the alginate material still had an entire particle shape. Although alginate ABT-888 research buy displayed swelling in alkaline solution, the particles still remained. Therefore, NPs@alginate bubbles can provide more applications for wide pH ranges than conventional
NPs@chitosan bubbles. Table 1 Particle morphology of chitosan and alginate immersed in different solutions Material Solution Immersion time (hour) 0 0.5 1 2 Chitosan Gastric juice (pH 1.2) PBS (pH 7.81) Intestinal juice (pH 9.02) Alginate Gastric juice (pH 1.2) PBS (pH 7.81) Intestinal juice (pH 9.02) Clomifene Pt@alginate bubbles Gastric juice (pH 1.2) PBS (pH 7.81) Intestinal juice (pH 9.02) Conclusions This paper developed a facile method to synthesize platinum nanoparticles within alginate bubbles. Sodium borohydrate was utilized to generate platinum NPs and gaseous hydrogen by reduction reaction and hydrolysis reaction, respectively. Bubbles entrapped within around 2-mm alginate particles increased with the borohydrate concentration and alginate viscosity. This proposed one-step method to prepare Pt NPs@alginate bubbles has advantages of low cost, easy operation, and effective pore formation. Compared with conventional Pt NPs@chitosan bubbles, Pt NPs@alginate bubbles provide more applications for wide pH ranges. Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Republic of China. References 1. Huang X, Neretina S, El-Sayed MA: Gold nanorods: from synthesis and properties to biological and biomedical applications. Adv Mater 2009, 42:4880–4910.CrossRef 2.