Recent data further indicated the existence of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human primitive lympho-haematopoietic cells, embryonic, foetal and adult haematopoietic tissues. Human umbilical cord blood cells also express renin, angiotensinogen, and ACE mRNAs. As ACE and other angiotensin peptides function in human haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) throughout INCB28060 mw haematopoietic ontogeny and adulthood, local RAS could also have a function in HSC plasticity, and the development of haematological neoplastic

disorders. The presence of ACE on leukaemic blast cells within leukaemic BM, on erythroleukaemic cells, ACE-expressing macrophages in lymph nodes of Hodgkin disease, renin activity in leukaemic blasts, angiotensin II as an autocrine growth factor for AML, increased renin gene activity during NUP98-HOXA9 enhanced blast formation, higher levels of BB9/ACE (+) LY3023414 nmr AML isoforms, and altered JAK-STAT pathway as a link between RAS and leukaemia indicated the wide pathobiological aspects of local BM RAS. The comparable biological actions of local RASs throughout the human body (including myocardium, pancreas, pituitary gland, ovary

and kidney) represent the true basis for the search of their prominence in tissue functions. Recent data and perspectives of the local BM RAS in health and disease are reviewed in this paper.”
“Type 1 endoleaks following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair are associated with poor outcomes and re-intervention

is recommended as soon as possible after diagnosis. When standard endovascular or surgical MI-503 treatment options are unsuitable due to severe co-morbidity or adverse anatomic factors, patients can be treated by transcatheter embolisation of the endoleak itself. We describe six such patients with proximal and distal type 1 endoleaks, who have been successfully treated by transcatheter embolisation with Onyx. The embolisation technique, advantages of using this relatively novel liquid embolic agent and potential pitfalls are discussed. (C) 2012 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 28 July 2012, Accepted 11 November 2012, Available online 29 December 2012″
“It has long been known that angiotensin type-1 receptors (AT1R) play a critical role in sympathetic regulation, cardiovascular activity, and hormone secretion under physiological and pathological states. On the other hand, the functional significance of angiotensin type-2 receptors (AT2R) is poorly understood. In a recent study we demonstrated that, in rats with chronic heart failure, AT1R protein expression was increased but AT2R expression was decreased in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).