Papanastasis, K. Prach, N. Ribet, E. Rigolot, E. Ruprecht, N. Sauberer, A. Schmotzer, B. Seitz, F. Sipos, K. Sipos, R. Steemson, R. Šuvada, S. Todorova,

Alectinib clinical trial R. Tzonev, O. Vasyljuk, V. Virók, M. Vrahnakis, C. Werpachowski, W. Willner and S. Znamenskiy). We are indebted to J. Mitchley, who kindly improved our English. We are indebted to the reviewers and editors for their improvements made on the earlier draft of the paper. The authors were supported by TÁMOP-4.2.4.A/2-11-1-2012-0001 (OV, PT), TÁMOP-4.2.1./B-09/1/KONV-2010-0007 and TÁMOP-4.2.2_B-10_1-2010-0024 projects, the Bolyai János Research Scholarship (PT), OTKA PD 100192 and the Internal Research Grant of Debrecen University (OV). “
“The relationship of smoking and nicotine dependence with depression (Brown et al., 2000, Goodman and Capitman, 2000 and Steuber and Danner, 2006) and anxiety disorders (Isensee et al., 2003, McCabe et al., 2004, Mykletun et al., 2008 and Sonntag et al., 2000) has been well-established in epidemiological research. Cross-sectional studies have indicated an elevated level of depressive and anxiety symptoms in smokers than in never- and former smokers (Benjet et al., 2004, Haukkala et al., 2000, Lam et

al., 2004, Lee Ridner et al., 2005, Luk and Tsoh, 2010, Martini et al., 2002, Mykletun et al., 2008, Patton et al., 1996, Wiesbeck et al., 2008 and Zvolensky et al., 2003a). Furthermore, successful quitters have fewer depressive symptoms and lifetime depression and anxiety diagnoses than unsuccessful quitters and current smokers (McClave et al., 2009). However, smokers meeting criteria for major depression Onalespib have Chlormezanone a harder time quitting and are

more likely to be heavy smokers (Hebert et al., 2011). The severity of symptoms is related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day or heavy smoking (Almeida and Pfaff, 2005, Benjet et al., 2004 and Massak and Graham, 2008) and number of days smoked (Lee Ridner et al., 2005). Further, nicotine-dependent smokers have more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms than non-dependent smokers (Breslau et al., 1991, Brown et al., 2000 and Son et al., 1997). Recurring depression is associated with worst smoking-related behaviors than a single episode or a history of depression. For example, smokers with recurrent episodes of major depression smoked more cigarettes, were nicotine-dependent more often and reported fewer quit attempts than never-depressed smokers. Those with a single episode were indistinguishable from the never-depressed smokers on most parameters, including lifetime cessation attempts (Strong et al., 2010). A meta-analysis revealed that a history of major depression does not seem to predict the success or failure of a smoking cessation attempt ( Hitsman et al., 2003). Cross-sectional studies have also indicated a high prevalence of current smoking in individuals with lifetime depression, anxiety, or comorbid depression and anxiety (Anda et al., 1990, Baker-Morissette et al., 2004, Escobedo et al.