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MZM and CZ carried out part of real-time PCR studies. WDF collected the samples and participated in the design of the study. YMW designed the concept of this study and approved the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Nowadays breast cancer is becoming 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl the second leading cause of cancer deaths in females, almost 10% women have the
risk of developing breast cancer [1]. Although great improvements have been made in curing breast cancer, the overall five-year survival rate remains < 50% and many patients relapse after surgical resection because of the dispersion of undetectable cancer cells [2, 3]. Therefore, it is necessary to establish sensitive and specific techniques for the detection of occult tumor cells. A better method for early diagnosis may help in predicting recurrence and planning appropriate therapies to improve survival [4, 5]. Many investigations have indicated that epithelial cells from the initial tumor can be recognized in peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirates of patients with breast cancer [6, 7]. The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of cancer patients has been associated with recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer [8–10]. Cytokeratins (CKs), characteristic intermediate filament of epithelial cells, especially CK19, are widely used to detect tumor cells derived from epithelial tissues [11, 12].