Jobs were categorized by degree of time spent working outdoors. A ten-year lag interval was included to account for disease latency. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) were estimated by logistic regression, with adjustment
for age, gender, and smoking.
Results: Outdoor work was inversely associated with risk of PD (outdoor only compared to indoor only): OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.44-1.25. However, there was no trend in relation to portion of the workday spent laboring outdoors and PD risk.
Conclusion: Occupational sunlight exposure and other correlates of outdoor work is not likely to have a substantial role in the etiology of PD. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We have conducted the present case-control study to examine whether long-term variations in blood hemoglobin (Hb) levels within Selleckchem TH-302 the normal range could detect subtle gastrointestinal bleeding in the early development of colorectal selleck products cancer (CRC). A total of 1074 CRC cases aged 45-75 years that have been diagnosed with CRC and had normal Hb levels were frequency matched for age and sex with cancer-free individuals at a ratio of 10 controls per case.
Our retrospective analysis indicates that starting from 4 years prior to cancer diagnosis, a progressive significant (P < 0.001) decrement in Hb levels (0.28 g/dl per 6 months) was found among cases but not among controls. CRC patients were characterized in an on-going, long-term, logarithmic decrement in Hb levels. Such small changes within the normal Hb range could be missed by health providers, but automatically detected by computerized alert algorithms.. European Journal of Cancer
Prevention 19: 342-344 AZD0530 order (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate an atraumatic prototype electrode carrier for cochlear implantation, the FLEX(EAS) (20) electrode. This electrode is designed to preserve hearing and to achieve a 360-degree insertion.
Study Design: A cross-sectional human temporal bone study was conducted.
Setting: Preliminarily, the prototype electrode was inserted in a scala tympani model to measure the insertion force. Thirteen human temporal bones were acquired postmortem and implanted with the new device using the round window approach. Three of them were implanted under radiologic control to demonstrate the insertion path. After embedding, the remaining 10 temporal bones were sectioned undecalcified and examined macroscopically and histologically.
Main Outcome Measures: The insertion force was measured to determine intracochlear resistance peaks. The insertion angle was measured, and the degree of intracochlear trauma was determined.
Results: The round window approach caused cochlear trauma in 1 of 10 specimens. An exact 360-degree insertion was achieved in 7 of 10 specimens (mean overall insertion angle, 360 degrees).