isnff.org International Conference on Food Factors – “Food for Wellbeing-from Function to Processing” 20–23 November 2011 Taipei, Taiwan Internet: twww.icoff2011.org/download/Invitationlette.pdf Food Colloids 2012 15–18 April 2012 Copenhagen, Denmark E-mail: Richard Ipsen: [email protected] 8th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods 8–10 May 2012 Rome, Italy Internet: http://www.icdam.org 11th International Hydrocolloids Conference 14–17 May 2012 Purdue University, USA Internet: http://www.international-hydrocolloids-conference.com/ AZD0530 IDF

International Symposium on Cheese Ripening 20–24 May 2012 Madison, Wisconsin, USA Internet: www.fil-idf.org IDF/INRA International Symposium on Spray-Dried Dairy Products Z-VAD-FMK concentration 19–21 June 2012 St Malo, France Email: [email protected] IFT Annual Meeting and Food Expo 25–29 June 2012 Las Vegas, USA Internet: www.ift.org XVI IUFoST World Congress of Food Science and Technology 19–24 August 2012 Salvador, Brazil Internet: www.iufost2012.org.br Full-size table Table options View in workspace Download as CSV “
“See editorial on page 1559. The intestinal immune system encounters a wealth

of antigenic stimulation consisting of food substances and commensal bacteria that inhabit the gut.1 Regulatory processes must therefore prevent detrimental immune responses to these harmless antigens while still being able to mount protective responses against pathogens that enter the digestive tract. A breakdown in this tight

Orotic acid regulation can lead to debilitating autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease. Strong evidence exists that CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses at environmental interfaces such as the gut.2 The most prevalent subset of Tregs, marked by expression of the transcription factor Foxp3, can arise naturally in the thymus during T-cell development (natural Tregs) or can be induced in the periphery from naïve CD4+ T cells (inducible Tregs [iTregs]).3 Induction of iTregs is dependent on T-cell receptor stimulation and the cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β4 and has been proposed to be important in maintaining gut immune tolerance.2 However, the mechanisms underlying iTreg induction in the gut are poorly understood. Given their fundamental importance in regulation of T-cell responses, dendritic cells (DCs) have been suggested to play a central role in regulating Foxp3+ Treg responses and tolerance in the intestine.5 Acting as the sentinels of the gut, these cells are decisively positioned throughout the intestine to capture luminal contents and process and present these antigens to T cells within the gut-draining mesenteric lymph node (mLN).