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“Introduction The Department of Surgery at the University of Arizona has created an intensive laparoscopic training course for surgical residents featuring a combined simulation laboratory and live swine model. We herein report the essential components to design

and implement a rigorous training course for developing laparoscopic skills in surgical residents.\n\nMaterials and methods At our institution, we developed a week-long pilot intensive laparoscopic training course. Six surgical residents (ranging from interns to chief residents) participate in the structured, multimodality course, without any clinical responsibilities. It consists of didactic instruction, laboratory training, practice in the simulation laboratory, and performance (under the direction of attending laparoscopic find more surgeons) of surgical procedures on pigs. The pigs are anesthetized and attended by veterinarians and technicians, and then euthanized at the end of each day. Three teams of two different training-level residents are paired. Daily briefing, debriefing, and analysis are performed at the close of each session. A written paper survey is completed at the end of the course.\n\nResults This report describes the results of first 36 surgical

residents trained in six courses. Preliminary data reveal that all 36 now feel more comfortable handling laparoscopic instruments and positioning trocars; they now perform buy CX-6258 laparoscopic surgery with greater confidence and favor having the course as part of their educational curriculum.\n\nConclusion Cediranib A multimodality intensive laparoscopic training course should become a standard requirement for surgical residents, enabling them to acquire basic and advanced laparoscopic skills on a routine basis.”
“In some cases of degloving injury, as a result of multiple venous anastomoses formed on the peripheral and proximal sides, the detached flap skin did survive, though with patchy necrosis. On the basis of this experience, the skin and soft-tissue defects after removing skin cancer were closed

with an anterolateral thigh true perforator flap, measuring 4 x 5 cm in size, which is nourished by venous blood. The subcutaneous vein on the peripheral side of the defect was anastomosed to the perforator artery, and the veins on the proximal side of the defects were anastomosed to the concomitant veins of the perforator. After surgery, to ensure a sufficient blood flow to the flap, the affected limb was positioned lower than the heart for 1 week. To prevent microthrombus in the perforator branch and the flap, preventive anticoagulant therapy was performed. The transplanted flap had marked cyanosis for a few days, but turned pinkish on the sixth day after surgery. The flap survived completely.