Interestingly, the taxonomic PKS group ratio shows that the microorganisms included in suborder Frankineae, Micromonosporineae, Streptosporangineae and Streptosporangineae have relatively high proportion type II PKS containing genomes, whereas microorganisms included in the suborder Actinomycineae,Corynebacterineae, Glycomycineae, Kineosporiineae and Propionibacterineae does not have any type II PKS gene clusters. Remarkably, the suborder Streptosporangineae PD0325901 cost which includes genus Steptomyces known as prolific taxa for polyketide synthesis is not top rank suborder in taxonomic group ratio. This result suggests that

there exist other aromatic polyketide prolific sources besides Streptosporangineae. Table 5 Taxonomical distribution of microorganisms with

type II PKS gene clusters Order Suborder # of sequenced genome # of genomes with type II PKSs Taxonomic PKS group ratio (%) Acidimicrobiales Acidimicrobineae 1 0 0.00 Actinomycetales Actinomycineae 4 0 0.00 Actinomycetales Catenulisporineae 1 1 100.00 Actinomycetales Corynebacterineae 129 0 0.00 Actinomycetales Frankineae 11 6 54.55 Actinomycetales Glycomycineae 1 0 0.00 Actinomycetales Kineosporiineae 3 0 0.00 Actinomycetales Micrococcineae 48 1 2.08 Actinomycetales Micromonosporineae 7 5 71.43 Actinomycetales Propionibacterineae 12 0 0.00 Actinomycetales Pseudonocardineae 11 2 18.18 Actinomycetales Streptomycineae 36 6 16.67 Actinomycetales Streptosporangineae 7 4 57.14 Bifidobacteriales Bifidobacteriaceae 40 0 0.00 Coriobacteriales Coriobacterineae 6 0 0.00 Rubrobacterales Rubrobacterineae 1 0 0.00 Solirubrobacterales Conexibacteraceae 1 0 0.00 For each suborder, this BMS-354825 mouse table shows the number of sequence genomes, number of genomes with

type II PKSs and taxonomic PKS group ratio. The taxonomic PKS group ratio represents the proportion of the type II PKS containing genomes to total sequenced genomes in the suborder. Conclusion We performed a comprehensive computational analysis of type II PKSs and their gene clusters in actinobacterial genomes. We have developed type II PKS domain classifiers and derived aromatic polyketide chemotype-prediction rules for the analysis of type II PKS gene clusters observed in bacterial genomes. Etofibrate These rules were effective in identifying novel candidates of type II PKS gene clusters and their possible polyketide chemotypes in the available actinobacterial genome sequences. The results of this analysis gave new insights about the distribution of aromatic polyketide chemotypes that can be produced by actinomycetes. This resource can be similarly applied for the analysis of any other known or newly sequenced microorganisms. Furthermore, our tools and the results of this analysis have a potential to be used in microbial engineering to produce various aromatic polyketides by combining the suggested type II PKS modules for the specific aromatic polyketides.