However, few specific protein markers, especially organ-specific markers, have been identified. In this study, we analyzed altered protein expressions in various tissues, namely, brain, lung, spleen, and intestine, from
1 Gy-irradiated mice by employing 2-DE analysis. MALDI-TOF MS and peptide mapping identified 25 proteins that showed greater than twofold expressional changes. In order to confirm significant differences between control and IR-treated samples, ten identified proteins with available commercial antibodies were selected for immunoblotting. Of these, only five showed protein expression patterns that were similar to 2-DE data. These were heat shock protein Selleckchem Crenolanib 5 (HSP 5), HSP 90 kDa beta, HSP 1, transaldolase 1 (TA1), and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). In particular, PGK1 was specifically upregulated in mouse intestine, and TA1 was specifically downregulated in
brain by irradiation. TA1 expression was unaltered in other tissues. Based on these data, we suggest that TA1 and PGK1 can be considered as candidate tissue-specific protein markers of IR exposure.”
“This study was done to investigate the effects of acute intermittent LCZ696 hypoxia (IH) on metabolic factors associated with energy balance and body weight, and on hypothalamic satiety-inducing pathways. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either 8 h IH or normoxic control conditions. Food intake, locomotion and body weights were examined after IH. Additionally, plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin corticosterone, insulin and blood glucose were measured following exposure to IH. Furthermore, adipose tissue was removed and analyzed for leptin and adiponectin content. Finally, the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) was MAPK inhibitor assessed for alterations in protein signaling associated with satiety. IH reduced body weight, food intake and active cycle locomotion without altering adipose tissue mass. Leptin protein content was reduced while adiponectin content
was elevated in adipose tissue after IH. Plasma concentration of leptin was significantly increased while adiponectin decreased after IH. No changes were found in plasma corticosterone, insulin and blood glucose. In ARC, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression were elevated. In addition, POMC-expressing neurons were activated as determined by immediate early gene FRA-1/2 expression. Finally, ERK1/2 and its phosphorylation were reduced in response to IH. These data suggest that IH induces significant alterations to body energy balance through changes in the secretion of leptin which exert effects on satiety-inducing pathways within the hypothalamus. (C) 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background.