The study was powered to detect a 30% decrease in the rate of symptomatic urinary tract infection with type I and II errors of 0.05 and 0.2, respectively. Toilet trained children up to age 18 years were eligible if they had at least 2 culture documented nonfebrile urinary tract infections in the calendar year before enrollment. Patients with anatomical abnormalities (except for primary vesicoureteral reflux) were excluded from study. Subjects were followed for 12 months. The participants, clinicians, outcome assessor and statistician were all blinded to treatment allocation.

Results: Of the children

39 girls and 1 boy were recruited. Mean and median patient age was 9.5 and 7 years, respectively selleck chemical (range 5 to 18). There were 20 patients with comparable baseline selleck chemicals llc characteristics

randomized to each group. After 12 months of followup the average incidence of urinary tract infection in the treatment group was 0.4 per patient per year and 1.15 in the placebo group (p = 0.045), representing a 65% reduction in the risk of urinary tract infection.

Conclusions: Cranberry juice with high concentrations of proanthocyanidin appears to be effective in the prevention of pediatric nonfebrile urinary tract infections. Further studies are required to determine the cost-effectiveness of this approach.”
“Objectives: To determine whether psychosocial work characteristics are associated with the prevalence of masked hypertension enough in a population of white collar workers. Methods: White-collar workers were recruited from three public organizations. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at the workplace for manual measurements (mean of the first three readings taken by a trained assistant) followed by ambulatory measurements (mean of all subsequent readings taken during the working day). Masked hypertension (MH) was defined as manual BP <140/90 mm Hg, and ambulatory BP >= 135/85 mm Hg. Job strain was evaluated, using the quadrant method for exposure assessment,

as well as alternative formulations. Results: BP measurements were obtained from 2,357 workers (80% participation, 61% women; mean age, 44 years). For men, being in the active group (high psychological demands and high decision latitude) was associated with MH (adjusted odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-3.31). No significant association with a higher prevalence of MH was observed in women. Conclusion: MH is associated with job strain in men. Workers in “”active”" job situations may be more likely to have the condition.”
“Purpose: In girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia the degree to which excess androgen exposure leads to the development of prostatic tissue is largely uncharacterized, except in rare case reports of prostatic growth and adenocarcinoma.