I never met Dan, but I corresponded with him electronically over many years, as did many. Recently, we co-wrote two papers, and throughout the writing he worried that he was not up on the literature and thus not a strong co-author. His contributions

as co-author were classic Yaalon — intense, critical, and creative. Dan’s soil scholarship is remarkable for both its fundamental nature and its breadth. He is one of only three winners of the V.V. Dokuchaev Prize given by the International Union of Soil Sciences. By the end of his career, he had made signature contributions to: • deserts and desert soils — for demonstrating how soils in xeric environments are formed by dynamic pedogenetic processes, and especially from wind deposited loess While all five selleck are important, two of these, polygenesis and anthropedology, are some of the most significant developments in the history of soil science itself. This In Memoriam will not detail specifics of Yaalon’s research, they are widely accessible in the literature, but rather I write about the making of Dan Yaalon the scientist. I use this opportunity to describe how his life offers much to young scientists as they consider a life’s work with the Earth’s soil. Born in Czechoslovakia in 1924, Yaalon lost his mother in Auschwitz-Birkenau, a mother who had put him on a train at age 15 bound for Denmark to save him from the Nazis. At the time his name was Hardy Berger and his idea

was to travel through Denmark and Scandinavia on his way to Mandate Palestine. After arriving in Denmark, Hardy was assigned manual farm labor, but he took up his interrupted studies Erastin in vivo Protein kinase N1 at an agricultural high school and later formally enrolled at the Agricultural University in Copenhagen. When the Nazis occupied Denmark, the Danish underground moved him and many other Jews to Sweden, where he found a job at the Agricultural University in Uppsala. Quite by accident, he was assigned to the research laboratory of Sante Mattson, a great soil chemist. Yaalon later recalled, “Working with Mattson … at research tasks

far beyond my acquired learning, I delved into advanced publications and books, working my way backwards from difficult expressions, formulas or citations, to the basics which explained what I was doing … This was a kind of backtracking detective work that branded my later activities in basic soil science.” The experience with Mattson was life altering as it firmly turned Yaalon to the science of Earth’s soil. Late in the war and shortly thereafter, he traveled to Britain with the Czech Army and to Czechoslovakia where viewing post-war desolation he wrote with grave understatement, “visits to my hometown … were not very uplifting.” By July 1948, he had completed his undergraduate B.Sc. degree, worked as an assistant in a Danish research laboratory, and finally traveled by ship for Haifa to enter the new nation of Israel then two months old.