6 vs 12.5 mm (p<0.0001) and 7.1 vs 7.3 mm. (p = 0.6), respectively. The stone-free rate in nonstented vs; stented renal and ureteral stone cases was 76.3% vs 77.3% and 91.4% vs 93.5%, respectively (each p>0.99). The total energy applied per stone was 110 +/- 83 vs 150 +/- 89 J (p<0.0001) and 183 +/- 131 vs 209 +/- 125 J (p = 0.1), respectively. Auxiliary measures were required after shock wave lithotripsy for renal and ureteral stones in 5.4% and 10.8% of nonstented, and in 1.3% and 4.3% of stented cases, respectively. No complications were detected in stented renal and ureteral stone cases compared to 2.9% and 6.9% in nonstented. cases,
respectively.
Conclusions: A high success rate and a low complication rate were achieved in renal and ureteral stone cases with and without prior ureteral stent placement. Total energy needed to achieve a stone-free state did not differ between Nirogacestat cell line stented and nonstented ureteral cases, suggesting the absence of a significant influence of the stent. Overall stents decreased complications necessitating hospitalization and auxiliary invasive measures.”
“OBJECTIVE:The placement of thoracic pedicle screws, particularly EPZ 6438 in the deformed spine, poses unique challenges, and a learning curve. We measured the in vivo accuracy of placement of thoracic
pedicle screws by computed tomography in the deformed spine by a single surgeon over time.
METHODS: After obtaining institutional review board approval, we retrospectively selected the first 30 consecutive patients who had undergone
a posterior spinal fusion using a pedicle screw construct for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by a single surgeon. The average patient age was 14 years, and their preoperative thoracic Cobb angle was, on average, 62.6 degrees. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group A, patients I to 10; group 13, patients 11 to 20; and group C, patients 21 to 30. Intraoperative evaluation of all pedicle screws included probing of the pedicle screw tract, neurophysiologic monitoring, and fluoroscopic confirmation. Postoperative computed tomographic scans Plasmin were evaluated by 2 spine surgeons, and a consensus read was established, as previously described (Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho YS, Riew KD. Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: is it safe? Spine. 2004;29(3):333-342), as (1) “”in,”" axis of pedicle screw within the confines of the pedicle; or (2) “”out,”" axis of pedicle screw outside the confines of the pedicle.
RESULTS: A total of 553 thoracic pedicle screws were studied (group A, n = 181; group B, n = 189; group C, n = 183) with 64 graded as out (medial, 35; lateral, 29), for an overall breach rate of 11.6%. When the breach rates were stratified by the surgeon’s evolving experience, there was a temporal decrease in the breach rate (group A, 15.5%; group 13, 10.6%; group C, 8.7%; P < .05).