33 11.33 ± 3.94 9.65 ± 2.98 Eyes Closed COM Excursion Area 32.85 ± 13.6 33.87 ± 12.0 32.54 ± 11.1 28.28 ± 8.36 Elbow Extension Peak Torque @ 60°/sec (N · m)* 46.79 ± 14.2 51.64 ± 13.4 47.09 ± 14.4 60.04 ± 22.6 Elbow Extension Peak Torque @ 180°/sec (N · m)† 30.65 ± 11.7 32.48 ± 9.7 30.65 ± 8.5 34.55 ± 10.5 Elbow Extension see more Average Power @ 60°/sec (W)† 42.82 ± 15.0 46.58 ± 13.1 42.43 ± 13.2 54.68 ± 20.3 Elbow Extension Average Power @ 180°/sec (W)† 60.11 ± 28.3 63.58 ± 25.1 54.80 ± 22.0 68.03 ± 25.0 CH5424802 purchase Elbow Flexion Peak Torque @ 60°/sec (N · m)† 47.94 ± 11.7

54.98 ± 14.4 48.26 ± 15.6 58.05 ± 20.1 Elbow Flexion Peak Torque @ 180°/sec (N · m)† 32.99 ± 8.8 38.35 ± 11.6 32.90 ± 11.9 39.05 ± 13.08 Elbow Flexion Average Power @ 60°/sec (W)* 44.1 ± 11.0 51.05 ± 14.4 45.21 ± 16.1 56.40 ± 20.3 Elbow Flexion Average Power @ 180°/sec (W) 58.27 ± 19.7 68.42 ± 27.0 58.97 ± 31.0 70.09 ± 28.2 Knee Extension Peak Torque @ 60°/sec (N · m)Ω 122.5 ± 32.8 103.9 ± 25.6 124.99 ± 42.8 114.7 ± 44.6 Knee Extension Peak Torque @ 180°/sec (N · m) 83.7 ± 21.5 76.2 ± 15.9 85.24 ± 28.7 74.82 ± 29.5 Knee Extension

Average Power @ 60°/sec (W)Ω 101.5 ± 27.6 88.9 ± 21.5 106.4 ± 37.3 94.8 ± 25.5 Knee Extension Average Power @ 180°/sec (W) 157.6 ± 46.9 146.0 ± 30.3 173.3 ± 76.7 BIRB 796 clinical trial 139.7 ± 59.9 Knee Flexion Peak Torque @ 60°/sec (N · m) 64.4 ± 14.6 57.1 ± 12.9 71.0 ± 24.8 64.8 ± 24.9 Knee Flexion Peak Torque @ 180°/sec (N · m) 48.2 ± 14.2 45.4 ± 9.4 56.1 ± 21.6 46.9 ± 21.4 Knee Flexion Average Power @ 60°/sec (W) 56.4 ± 15.8 53.5 ± 14.6 66.5 ± 26.6 61.1 ± 24.8 Knee Flexion Average Power @ 180°/sec (W) 89.5 ± 36.7 84.2 ± 23.6 114.0 ± 54.1 92.5 ± 46.2 1-RM = 1 repetition maximum; SEBT = Star excursion balance test; COM = center of mass; kg = kilogram; cm = centimeter; sec = second; N.m = newton meter; W = watts. Ω = Significant Ureohydrolase decrement with training in StemSport condition only, p < 0.05. Vertical jump Vertical jump increased 7.2% with placebo (p = 0.03) and 10.6% with SS (p =0.001), but no significant between group differences (p > 0.05; Table 2).

Isokinetic strength Seven of the eight measures of isokinetic elbow flexion and extension strength improved in the placebo condition compared to only two measures in the SS condition (Table 2). No pre- to post-training improvements were observed for the measures of isokinetic knee extension and flexion strength. Post hoc tests revealed decrements in of two of the eight measures of isokinetic knee extension and flexion strength in the SS condition (Table 2).