These results are further AC220 price discussed below. A MLSA scheme for studying Aeromonas spp. population structure This was the 3rd multilocus scheme proposed for studying Aeromonas spp. in 2011 [15, 16]. These three studies analyzed different populations of aeromonads with different set of genes and different objectives. The 1st MLSA scheme was developed for analyzing Aeromonas phylogeny and attempting to resolve the taxonomic

controversies within this genus [16]. The 2nd was developed to achieve precise strain genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of outbreak traceability and genetic diversity and was based on strains isolated from fish, crustaceans and mollusks [15]. The MLSA that we have presented here improved the understanding of human aeromonosis by addressing a large population that included both clinical and environmental strains from diverse geographic sources. The overall collection represented different lifestyles encountered in the genus: free living or associated with humans or cold-blooded animals. The clinical strain collection was representative of https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tubastatin-a.html the French epidemiology because it resulted from a systematic prospective

nationwide record and was associated with well-documented clinical reports [17]. The size of the collection was increased by including strains

from various collections, most of which came from animal and environmental sources, so that the overall collection studied herein totaled 195 strains, which is a greater number compared to the two other MLSA studies on Aeromonas[15, 16]. Our MLSA 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase scheme was suitable for analysis of the whole genus Aeromonas, with the exception of four species: A. bivalvium A. molluscorum A. simiae and A. rivuli, for which only 6 genes could be analyzed. This MLPA allowed structuring the population into 3 main clades, designated A. veronii A. hydrophila and A. caviae, because they contained the type strains of these species. Despite the fact that the number of isolates in the main clades was high compared to the study by Martino et al. [15] and PLX4032 ic50 similar to other studies [e.g., [29], the number of strains in some clades remained rather limited (e.g., A. caviae: 34 strains), and our results should be confirmed in a larger population. For this purpose, the population results and MLSA scheme have been deposited in a public database (PubMLST: http://pubmlst.org/software/database/bigdb/) [30]. Nevertheless, our results provided interesting insight into the genetic diversity and structure of the Aeromonas population encountered in clinical infections as well as the mode of evolution of this population.