300 0.741 (0.303 – 1.810) 0.510 0.400 1.491 (0.649 – 3.425) 0.346     SCC 1.000     1.000     Differentiation                 Poor -0.292 0.746 (0.198 – 2.809) 0.665 -0.969 0.379 (0.106 – 1.359) 0.137     Well and moderate 1.000     1.000     Smoking                 Yes -0.775 0.461 (0.145 – 1.461) 0.188 -0.481 0.618 (0.214 – 1.785) 0.374     No 1.000     1.000     Sex                 Male -1.005 0.366 (0.101 – 1.330) 0.127 -0.511 0.600 (0.170 – 2.110) 0.426     Female 1.000     1.000     Age                 ≥ 60 yrs 0.316 1.371 (0.413 – 4.551) 0.606 -0.223 0.800 (0.251 – 2.551) 0.706     < 60 yrs 1.000     1.000     Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence selleck chemical interval of the estimated HR; Adeno,

adenocarcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma On the other hand, Immunohistochemical reactions for CD34 antigen were observed independently by two investigators using microscope. The two most vascularized areas within tumor (‘hot spots’) were chosen at low magnification (×40) and vessels were counted in a representative high magnification (×400; 0.152 mm2; 0.44 mm diameter) field in each of these three areas. The high-magnification fields were then marked for subsequent image cytometric analysis. Single immunoreactive endothelial cells, or endothelial cell clusters separating from other microvessels, were counted

as individual microvessels. Endothelial staining in large vessels with tunica media and nonspecific staining of non endothelial structures were excluded in Selleck Sapanisertib microvessel counts. Mean visual microvessel density for CD34 was calculated as the average of six counts (two hot spots and GNA12 three microscopic click here fields). The microvessel counts that were higher than the median of the microvessel counts were taken as high MVD, and the microvessel counts that were lower than the median of the microvessel counts were taken as low MVD. Measurement of cell viability of NSCLC cells treated with COX-2 Adherent cells in culture flasks were washed three times with serum-free medium, and digested with 0.25% trypsin for 3-5

minutes to dislodge cells from the substrate. Trypsin digestion was stopped by adding medium containing FBS, and a single-cell suspension was obtained by trituration. Cells were seeded at a density of 8 × 103 cells/well in a 96-well plate, and the space surrounding wells was filled with sterile PBS to prevent dehydration. After incubating for 12 h, cells were treated with COX-2 (diluted 0-3000-fold). After 24 h, 20 μL of a 5-mg/mL MTT solution was added to each well and then cells were cultured for an additional 4 h. The process was terminated by aspirating the medium in each well. After adding 150 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide per well, the plate was agitated by low-speed oscillation for 10 min to allow the crystals to fully dissolve. Absorbance values (OD 490 nm) for each well were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a Thermo Multiskan Spectrum full-wavelength microplate reader (Thermo Electron Corp., Burlington, ON, Canada).